Bedsores, also called pressure injuries, form when constant pressure reduces blood flow to the skin. They usually appear over bony areas such as the tailbone, heels, hips, shoulder blades and the back of the head. They are far easier to prevent than to treat.
Key points
- Change the patient’s position at least every two hours while in bed.
- Check the whole skin every day, especially the back, hips and heels.
- Keep skin clean and dry, and keep bedsheets smooth.
- Any broken skin or blister needs a nurse or doctor soon.
Who is at higher risk
- People who cannot change position by themselves
- Very thin or very overweight patients
- Poor nutrition or low fluid intake
- Diabetes or poor circulation
- Urine or stool leakage that keeps skin damp
- Reduced sensation, for example after a stroke
A daily routine that protects the skin
- Change position at least every two hours, and keep a written turning chart
- Lift rather than drag the patient, so skin is not rubbed
- Use pillows to keep knees and heels from pressing on each other or on the bed
- Keep skin clean and dry, and clean gently after any leakage
- Keep bedsheets smooth, dry and free of creases
- Use a pressure-relieving mattress if the doctor advises one
- Offer fluids and protein-rich food unless the doctor has restricted them
- Look at the whole skin every day
Early warning signs
- A red patch that does not fade within about 30 minutes of taking pressure off
- A blister or broken skin
- An area that feels warm, hard or swollen
- An open wound, a bad smell or discharge
What not to do
- Do not massage a reddened area
- Do not use ring-shaped or donut cushions, which can increase pressure around the edge
- Do not apply powders, turmeric or home remedies to broken skin
When to get help
Any broken skin, blister or open wound should be seen by a nurse or doctor soon, because dressing and pressure relief need to start early. Fever, spreading redness or discharge from a wound needs a doctor the same day. Our nurses provide bedridden patient care and wound dressing at home across Mumbai.
Frequently asked questions
How often should a bedridden patient be turned?
At least every two hours, unless the doctor has given a different schedule. Keeping a written turning chart helps the whole family follow it.
Can bedsores heal at home?
Early, mild pressure injuries can improve at home when pressure is relieved and the skin is cared for. Deeper wounds need regular dressings and medical review.
Are special mattresses necessary?
They are often helpful for patients who stay in bed for long periods. Ask the doctor which type suits the patient.
Not for emergencies. Home healthcare does not replace emergency hospital care. In a medical emergency, contact emergency services or go to the nearest emergency department.